Papaturro
Coccoloba caracasana

Native Region
Central and South America
Max Height
8-20 meters
Family
Polygonaceae
Conservation
LC
Uses
Distribution in Costa Rica
Legend
Elevation
0-800m
Regions
- Guanacaste
- Puntarenas
- Alajuela
- San José
Season
Flowering
Feb-Mar
Fruiting
Apr-Jun
Papaturro
The Papaturro (Coccoloba caracasana), known as Big-Leaf Seagrape or Wild Grape, is a distinctive tree that catches the eye with its exceptionally large, round leaves that can span a dinner plate. Unlike its famous coastal cousin the Sea Grape (C. uvifera), this species thrives inland in Costa Rica's dry forests, forest edges, and disturbed areas. Its clusters of small grape-like fruits feed birds and wildlife, while the tree itself provides welcome shade with its broad, tropical leaves. The Papaturro is a perfect example of how the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) has produced some truly impressive tropical trees far removed from the small herbaceous plants most people associate with that family.
Quick Reference
- Scientific Name
- Coccoloba caracasana
- Family
- Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family)
- Max Height
- 8-20 m
- Trunk Diameter
- Up to 50 cm
- Conservation
- Least Concern
- Key Feature
- Very large round leaves; grape-like fruit
iNaturalist Observations
Community-powered species data
1000
Observations
186
Observers
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Taxonomy and Classification
- Coccoloba: Greek "kokkos" (berry) + "lobos" (lobe) - lobed berries - caracasana: From Caracas, Venezuela (type locality) - Family Polygonaceae includes buckwheat, rhubarb, sorrel - Genus has ~120-150 species, mostly Neotropical
Common Names
| Language/Region | Common Name(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish (CR) | Papaturro | Standard |
| English | Big-Leaf Seagrape | Descriptive |
| English | Wild Grape | Fruit reference |
| Spanish | Uvero, Uvita | Grape reference |
| Spanish | Papaturro de Montaña | Regional |
Related Species in Costa Rica
| Species | Common Name | Habitat |
|---|---|---|
| Coccoloba uvifera | Sea Grape (Uvero de Playa) | Coastal beaches |
| Coccoloba venosa | Papaturro Vena | Moist forests |
| Coccoloba padiformis | Papaturro | Various forests |
| Triplaris melaenodendron | Hormigo (related) | Same family |
Physical Description
Overall Form
The Papaturro is a small to medium-sized tree (sometimes shrubby) with a rounded crown and very distinctive foliage. The leaves are the key identification feature—exceptionally large for a tree, nearly circular, and with a leathery texture. The tree often has a somewhat irregular, spreading growth form.
Distinguishing Features
The Remarkable Leaves
- Shape: Nearly circular (orbicular)
- Size: 15-40 cm diameter!
- Base: Heart-shaped (cordate)
- Texture: Thick, leathery
- Color: Dark green above, paler below
- Margin: Entire (smooth edge)
- Veins: Prominent, radiating from base
Bark
- Color: Gray to brownish
- Texture: Smooth to slightly rough
- Young stems: Often reddish
- Ocrea: Characteristic sheathing stipule
The Grape-Like Fruit
- Type: Small drupes in clusters
- Shape: Oval, grape-like
- Size: 6-10 mm diameter
- Color: Green → Red → Purple/black
- Arrangement: Hanging clusters (racemes)
- Taste: Sweet when ripe, astringent unripe
Flowers
- Size: Very small
- Color: White to greenish
- Arrangement: Long, hanging racemes
- Fragrance: Mild
- Timing: Dry to early wet season
Like all members of Polygonaceae, Coccoloba species have a distinctive structure called an ocrea—a sheath formed from fused stipules that wraps around the stem at each node. Identifying the Ocrea: - Look at stem nodes (where leaves attach) - Paper-like or membranous tube encircling stem - Often brownish and dried on older branches - Diagnostic for the buckwheat family This feature connects the tropical Papaturro to its temperate relatives like buckwheat and rhubarb!
Distribution and Habitat
Global Distribution
Geographic Distribution
Distribution in Costa Rica
| Province | Abundance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Guanacaste | Common | Dry forest edges and second growth |
| Puntarenas | Common | Dry Pacific lowlands |
| Alajuela | Present | Drier areas |
| San José | Present | Dry intermontane valleys |
| Heredia | Less Common | Drier margins |
| Limón | Rare | Prefers drier conditions |
Habitat Preferences
- Elevation: Sea level to 1,200 m
- Climate: Dry to moist tropical
- Rainfall: 1,000-2,500 mm/year
- Habitat: Forest edges, secondary growth
- Light: Sun to partial shade
- Soil: Various, tolerates poor soils
- Disturbance: Colonizes disturbed areas
Ecological Role
Value to Wildlife
Fruit Consumers
- Many bird species: Major food source
- Bats: Consume ripe fruit
- Monkeys: Opportunistic feeders
- Coatis and raccoons: Eat fallen fruit
- Agoutis: Cache and eat seeds
Other Ecological Value
- Pioneer species: Colonizes disturbed areas
- Shade producer: Large leaves create cover
- Nectar source: Flowers visited by insects
- Erosion control: Stabilizes slopes
The Papaturro plays an important role in forest succession: Early Colonizer: - Establishes in gaps and disturbed areas - Tolerates full sun - Fast-growing initially Wildlife Facilitator: - Fruits attract seed-dispersing birds - Birds bring seeds of other species - Papaturro "nurses" forest recovery Eventual Replacement: - As forest matures, gives way to canopy trees - Important stepping stone in regeneration This makes Papaturro valuable for forest restoration!
Uses and Products
Edible Fruit
The Wild Grapes
The fruit of Papaturro is edible and pleasant: Characteristics: - Sweet when fully ripe (purple/black) - Astringent when unripe - Small but abundant - Grape-like texture Traditional Use: - Eaten fresh in the field - Sometimes made into beverages - Wild food for rural communities - Children's snack Collection: - Harvest when fruits turn dark - Handle carefully (bruise easily) - Best eaten immediately While not commercially important, the fruit is a pleasant wild food and provides excellent wildlife nutrition.
Other Uses
| Use | Application | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Shade tree | Yards, pastures | Large leaves give good shade |
| Ornamental | Landscaping | Unusual leaves attractive |
| Traditional medicine | Various remedies | Bark, leaves used |
| Erosion control | Slopes, streambanks | Pioneer colonizer |
| Fuelwood | Local fuel | Minor use |
| Wildlife habitat | Gardens, farms | Bird attractor |
Cultivation
Growing Papaturro
Identification Guide
How to Identify Papaturro
Primary Identifiers:
- VERY large, round leaves (up to 40 cm!)
- Cordate (heart-shaped) leaf base
- Ocrea at stem nodes (family trait)
- Grape-like fruit clusters
Supporting Features:
- Small to medium tree
- Irregular, spreading crown
- Gray bark
- Forest edge habitat
Where to See Papaturro in Costa Rica
| Location | Context | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Guanacaste roadsides | Forest edges | Common in dry zone |
| Santa Rosa National Park | Dry forest | Natural habitat |
| Palo Verde National Park | Forest margins | Good specimens |
| Central Valley hills | Secondary forest | Drier slopes |
| Nicoya Peninsula | Rural areas | Frequent |
The Papaturro is easy to find once you know what to look for: Where to Look: - Forest edges and light gaps - Roadsides in dry forests - Secondary growth areas - Rural fence lines Key Identifier: The huge, nearly circular leaves are unmistakable. No other common tree has leaves this shape and size. Best Season: - Fruiting: Late dry season into wet season - Easy to spot when fruit clusters are hanging - Birds gathering at trees indicate ripe fruit
The Polygonaceae in the Tropics
Most people associate the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) with small plants like: - Buckwheat (the grain) - Rhubarb - Sorrels and docks - Knotweeds But in the Neotropics, the family has produced impressive TREES: Coccoloba (Sea Grapes and Papaturros): - Large-leaved trees - Grape-like fruits - ~150 species Triplaris (Ant Trees): - Tall trees - Hollow stems house ants - Including Costa Rica's Hormigo The connection? All share the distinctive ocrea (stem sheath) and small flowers in elongated clusters.
External Resources
Community observations and photos
Botanical information
Regional botanical reference
References
📚 Scientific References & Further Reading
Howard, R.A. (1961). Studies in the genus Coccoloba, III. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum
Burger, W. (1983). Flora Costaricensis: Polygonaceae. Fieldiana Botany
Janzen, D.H. (1991). Historia Natural de Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica
The Papaturro challenges our assumptions about plant families. When you think of the buckwheat family, you probably picture small plants with triangular seeds or rhubarb in a pie—not a tropical tree with leaves the size of serving platters. Yet here stands the Papaturro, proof that evolution can take a body plan in unexpected directions when given millions of years and a tropical climate to work with. Those enormous round leaves, looking almost artificial in their perfect symmetry, mark this tree as something special even from a distance. And then there are the fruits—clusters of tiny grapes that bring flocks of birds and provide wild food for anyone who knows to look. In Costa Rica's dry forests, where the Papaturro thrives along roadsides and forest edges, it serves as a pioneer species, a wildlife cafeteria, and a living lesson in how nature plays with form. The next time you see those distinctive dinner-plate leaves, take a moment to appreciate this unexpected tropical giant of the buckwheat family.



