Zapote
Pouteria sapota

Native Region
Mexico to Central America
Max Height
25-40 meters
Family
Sapotaceae
Conservation
LC
Uses
Distribution in Costa Rica
Legend
Elevation
0-800m
Regions
- Limón
- Alajuela
- Heredia
- Puntarenas
- Guanacaste
Season
Flowering
Jun-Jul
Fruiting
Jan-Feb, Nov-Dec
Zapote (Mamey Sapote)
The Zapote (Pouteria sapota), known in English as Mamey Sapote, produces one of the most distinctive and cherished fruits of the Central American tropics. Inside its rough brown exterior lies flesh of an almost surreal salmon-pink to deep red color, with a creamy texture and a complex sweetness that's impossible to describe without tasting. Native from southern Mexico through Central America, the zapote has been cultivated since pre-Columbian times and remains beloved across the region. In Costa Rica, few pleasures rival a cold batido de zapote—the fruit blended with milk into a thick, salmon-colored shake that tastes like nothing else on Earth.
Quick Reference
- Scientific Name
- Pouteria sapota
- Family
- Sapotaceae
- Maximum Height
- 25-40 m
- Trunk Diameter
- Up to 100 cm
- Conservation
- Least Concern
- Key Trait
- Large fruit; salmon-pink flesh
iNaturalist Observations
Community-powered species data
3000
Observations
186
Observers
📸 Photo Gallery
Photos sourced from the iNaturalist citizen science database. View all observations →↗
Taxonomy and Classification
- Pouteria: From the South American vernacular name - sapota: From Nahuatl "tzapotl" (generic fruit name) - Sapotaceae: The sapote or sapodilla family - Many different fruits are called "zapote" - this is the "mamey" variety
Common Names
| Language/Region | Common Name(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish (CR) | Zapote, Zapote Mamey | Standard local name |
| English | Mamey Sapote | Market name |
| Spanish (Mexico) | Mamey, Mamey Rojo | Mexican names |
| Cuban Spanish | Mamey Colorado | Red mamey |
| Nahuatl | Tzapotl | Original Aztec name |
| Maya | Chacal Haas | Mayan name |
Related Species (Sapote Name Confusion)
| Species | Common Name | Distinction |
|---|---|---|
| Pouteria sapota | Mamey Sapote (THIS SPECIES) | Salmon/red flesh, large |
| Manilkara zapota | Chicle/Sapodilla | Brown flesh, different genus |
| Pouteria viridis | Green Sapote | Green skin even when ripe |
| Casimiroa edulis | White Sapote | Different family entirely |
| Diospyros nigra | Black Sapote | Persimmon family, brown flesh |
The word "zapote" comes from Nahuatl "tzapotl" which meant any sweet, soft fruit. Today, MANY different fruits are called "zapote" in Spanish: - Zapote / Mamey Sapote (Pouteria sapota) - THIS species - Chicozapote / Níspero (Manilkara zapota) - the chicle tree - Zapote verde (Pouteria viridis) - green sapote - Zapote blanco (Casimiroa edulis) - white sapote - Zapote negro (Diospyros nigra) - black sapote In Costa Rica, "zapote" without qualifier usually means Pouteria sapota - the mamey sapote with salmon-pink flesh.
Physical Description
General Form
The Zapote is a medium to large evergreen tree with a dense, rounded crown. It has large, clustered leaves at branch tips and produces substantial fruits directly on branches and trunk. The tree can become quite large in favorable conditions.
Identification Features
Bark and Trunk
- Bark color: Grayish-brown
- Texture: Fissured, somewhat rough
- Latex: White sap when cut (less than níspero)
- Trunk: Straight, often buttressed at base
Leaves
- Type: Simple, alternate
- Arrangement: Clustered at branch tips
- Shape: Oblanceolate (widest above middle)
- Size: 15-30 cm long
- Texture: Leathery, glossy above
- Color: Dark green
Flowers
- Location: On branches and trunk (cauliflorous)
- Size: Small, inconspicuous
- Color: Whitish to greenish
- Fragrance: Mild
- Timing: Throughout year
Fruit
- Shape: Oval to ellipsoidal
- Size: 10-25 cm long (!!)
- Skin: Brown, rough, sandpaper-like
- Flesh: Salmon-pink to deep red
- Texture: Creamy, smooth
- Seed: 1 large, shiny, black
- Taste: Sweet, complex, unique
Knowing when a zapote is ripe is crucial - unripe ones are inedible: Testing for Ripeness: 1. Scratch the skin with a fingernail 2. If flesh underneath is green = NOT ripe 3. If flesh underneath is salmon/pink = RIPE 4. Also: Should yield to gentle pressure 5. May have slight give, like a ripe avocado Buying Tips: - Buy slightly firm, ripen at home - Room temperature ripening - Refrigerate only when ripe - Don't refrigerate before ripe (damages flesh) The Seed: - Large, shiny black seed inside - Hard, smooth, beautiful - Traditionally used for decoration - NOT edible (contains compounds similar to bitter almond)
Distribution and Habitat
Global Distribution
Geographic Distribution
Distribution in Costa Rica
| Province | Abundance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Guanacaste | Common | Dry and wet lowlands |
| Alajuela | Common | Northern zone, valley edges |
| Puntarenas | Common | Pacific lowlands |
| San José | Present | Lower elevations |
| Heredia | Present | Lower areas |
| Limón | Common | Caribbean lowlands |
| Cartago | Rare | Too high for most areas |
Habitat Preferences
- Elevation: Sea level to 800 m (best below 500 m)
- Climate: Tropical humid to semi-dry
- Precipitation: 1,500-3,000 mm/year
- Habitat: Cultivated, patios, farms, forest edges
- Light: Full sun to partial shade
- Soil: Deep, well-drained, fertile preferred
- Temperature: Warm tropical required (no frost)
The Zapote Fruit
A Fruit Like No Other
The mamey sapote fruit is truly distinctive: Physical Characteristics: - Size: 10-25 cm long (can exceed 2 kg!) - Shape: Oval to football-shaped - Skin: Brown, rough like sandpaper - Flesh: Salmon-pink to deep red - Texture: Creamy, smooth, dense - Seed: 1 large, shiny black Flavor Profile: - Sweet but not cloying - Notes of: sweet potato, pumpkin pie, honey - Some describe: apricot, caramel, almonds - Truly unique - must be tasted! Nutrition: - High in vitamin A (beta-carotene) - Good vitamin C - Potassium, iron - Fiber - Antioxidants (from color) Season: - Main season varies by region - Costa Rica: Often February-May - Some production year-round
Culinary Uses
| Preparation | Description | Popularity |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh | Eaten raw, scooped from skin | Common |
| Batido de Zapote | Milkshake with milk/ice | VERY popular in CR |
| Ice Cream | Zapote flavored helado | Common |
| Jam/Preserves | Dulce de zapote | Traditional |
| Smoothies | Blended with other fruits | Modern |
| Desserts | Various pastries, mousses | Gourmet |
In Costa Rica, the batido de zapote is legendary: Basic Recipe: - Ripe zapote flesh (seeds removed) - Cold milk - Sugar to taste - Ice - Blend until smooth Result: - Thick, creamy shake - Beautiful salmon-pink color - Sweet, complex flavor - Absolutely delicious Where to Try: - Any "soda" (local restaurant) in season - Fresh fruit stands - Traditional markets - Ask for "batido de zapote" or "zapote con leche" When zapote is in season, you'll see the fruits piled at fruit stands and the batidos everywhere. Don't miss it!
Ecological Importance
Wildlife Value
Mammals
- Bats: Major dispersers
- Monkeys: Eat fruit in canopy
- Agoutis: Fallen fruit
- Peccaries: Ground feeding
Birds
- Toucans: Eat smaller fruits
- Parrots: May feed on flesh
- Various frugivores: When available
The zapote's large seeds pose an interesting ecological question: The Problem: - Seeds are too big for most birds - Too big for most mammals to swallow - Who disperses them in the wild? Possible Answers: - Large extinct megafauna (ancient dispersers) - Large frugivorous bats - Water dispersal in some cases - Human cultivation now primary Ecological Anachronism: Like the avocado, the zapote may be an example of a tree adapted to dispersal by now-extinct large mammals. Humans have taken over this role through cultivation.
Uses
Food
| Use | Description | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh fruit | Primary consumption | When perfectly ripe |
| Batidos/shakes | Blended beverages | Most popular in CR |
| Ice cream | Frozen desserts | Commercial and homemade |
| Preserves | Jams, jellies | Traditional |
| Baking | Pies, cakes | Less common |
Traditional Medicine
| Use | Part Used | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Skin conditions | Seed oil | Topical application |
| Hair growth | Seed oil | Traditional treatment |
| Digestive aid | Fruit | General consumption |
| Eye health | Fruit (vitamin A) | Nutritional |
While the FRUIT is delicious and safe: The SEED contains: - Hydrocyanic compounds - Should NOT be eaten - Seed oil used externally only Safe Practices: - Eat only the flesh - Discard the seed (or save for crafts) - The seed kernel is NOT edible - Children should be supervised
Other Uses
| Use | Application | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Cosmetics | Seed oil for hair products | Commercial use |
| Ornamental | Beautiful shade tree | Yards, patios |
| Timber | Limited use | Wood is dense but not highly valued |
| Crafts | Seeds used decoratively | Traditional |
Cultivation
Growing Zapote
Identification Guide
How to Identify Zapote Tree
Primary Identifiers:
- Large leaves clustered at branch tips
- Large oval/football-shaped brown fruits
- Salmon-pink flesh when fruit cut
- Dense, rounded crown
Supporting Features:
- White latex when cut (less than níspero)
- Fruits on branches/trunk
- Lowland tropical setting
Where to See Zapote in Costa Rica
| Location | Context | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Rural patios | Traditional cultivation | Backyard trees common |
| Ferias del agricultor | Fruit in season | February-May best |
| Northern Zone | Cultivation areas | San Carlos, Los Chiles |
| Guanacaste lowlands | Farm trees | Scattered cultivation |
| Caribbean lowlands | Wild and cultivated | Traditional fruit |
The best way to experience zapote: In Season (Feb-May typically): - Visit any feria del agricultor - Ask for zapote at fruit stands - Order "batido de zapote" at sodas - Buy whole fruit to try at home Selecting Fruit: - Scratch test for ripeness - Should yield slightly to pressure - No soft spots or damage - Can ripen at home First Time: - Let it fully ripen (soft) - Cut in half lengthwise - Scoop out flesh with spoon - Or try as batido first! The batido is the best introduction - blended smooth, you can appreciate the unique flavor without the texture unfamiliarity.
External Resources
Community observations and photos
California Rare Fruit Growers
References
📚 Scientific References & Further Reading
Morton, J.F. (1987). Fruits of Warm Climates: Sapote. Julia F. Morton Publications
Azurdia, C. (2006). Sapotaceae of Guatemala. USDA Forest Service Proceedings
There are fruits that travelers seek out, and then there is zapote— a fruit so distinctive, so unlike anything else, that it becomes a defining taste of a region. Crack open that rough brown exterior to reveal flesh the color of a tropical sunset, dip in a spoon, and taste something that exists nowhere else in nature. Is it like sweet potato? Pumpkin pie? Caramel and almonds? All of these and none of them—it is simply zapote. The Maya cultivated this tree for millennia, the Aztecs traded its fruits, and today in Costa Rica the tradition continues in backyard trees and market stalls. When zapote season comes, the batidos flow—thick, salmon-colored, impossibly delicious shakes that cool the tropical heat and satisfy the soul. This is indigenous American gastronomy at its finest: a fruit domesticated here, beloved here, representing thousands of years of careful selection and appreciation. To eat a ripe zapote is to taste deep time and deep culture, the inheritance of peoples who knew their trees intimately and chose this one to cultivate and carry forward through the generations.



