Carao
Cassia grandis

Native Region
Mexico to South America
Max Height
20-30 meters
Family
Fabaceae
Conservation
LC
Uses
Distribution in Costa Rica
Legend
Elevation
0-800m
Regions
- Guanacaste
- Puntarenas
- Alajuela
- San José
- Limón
Season
Flowering
Feb-Apr
Fruiting
Mar-May
Carao
Carao (Cassia grandis), known internationally as the Pink Shower Tree or Horse Cassia, transforms the Central American landscape each year with its spectacular flowering display. When its pink blossoms cascade from bare branches in late dry season, entire hillsides turn rose-colored, announcing that the rains are near. Beyond its stunning beauty, Carao has been treasured across Latin America for centuries as a traditional blood tonic—its fruit pulp is believed to treat anemia and strengthen the blood. This magnificent flowering tree combines ornamental splendor with cultural medicine in a way few trees can match.
Quick Reference
- Scientific Name
- Cassia grandis
- Family
- Fabaceae (Legume Family)
- Maximum Height
- 20-30 m
- Trunk Diameter
- Up to 1 m
- Conservation
- Least Concern
- Key Feature
- Pink flower cascades; blood tonic fruit
iNaturalist Observations
Community-powered species data
3000
Observations
186
Observers
📸 Photo Gallery
Photos sourced from the iNaturalist citizen science database. View all observations →↗
Taxonomy and Classification
- Cassia: Ancient Greek name for plants now in this genus - grandis: Latin for "large" or "great" - reference to size - Related to the golden shower tree (Cassia fistula) - Part of the ornamental "shower tree" group
Common Names
| Language/Region | Common Name(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish (CR) | Carao | Standard name, medicinal use |
| Spanish | Cañafístola Rosa | Pink shower tree |
| English | Pink Shower Tree | Floral display |
| English | Horse Cassia | Historical use |
| English | Coral Shower Tree | Color reference |
| Portuguese | Cássia-rosa | Brazilian name |
Related Species in Costa Rica
| Species | Common Name | Comparison |
|---|---|---|
| Cassia fistula | Caña Fístula/Golden Shower | Yellow flowers, introduced |
| Senna spectabilis | Candelillo | Yellow flowers, smaller |
| Senna siamea | Casia de Siam | Yellow, introduced |
| Senna reticulata | Saragundí | Yellow, smaller shrub/tree |
Physical Description
Overall Form
Carao is a large deciduous tree with a broad, spreading crown and thick trunk. It is briefly deciduous in the dry season, losing its leaves just before bursting into spectacular bloom. The tree is easily recognized during flowering by its masses of pink blossoms covering the bare branches.
Identifying Features
The Famous Flowers
- Color: Salmon-pink to rose
- Size: Individual flowers 2-3 cm
- Arrangement: Dense racemes
- Display: MASSIVE cascades on bare branches
- Timing: Late dry season (Feb-Apr)
- Duration: 2-4 weeks peak bloom
- Fragrance: Light, sweet
Bark and Trunk
- Bark color: Gray to brownish
- Texture: Relatively smooth when young
- Pattern: Develops rough fissures with age
- Trunk: Often branching low
Leaves
- Type: Pinnately compound
- Leaflets: 10-20 pairs
- Leaflet size: 3-6 cm each
- Texture: Soft, hairy underneath
- Behavior: DECIDUOUS before flowering
- Timing: New leaves after flowering
Fruit Pods
- Size: 40-70 cm long!
- Shape: Cylindrical, woody
- Color: Dark brown when mature
- Divisions: Septate (divided chambers)
- Pulp: Dark, sticky, medicinal
- Seeds: Flat, oval
Carao flowering is one of Central America's great natural displays: The Show: - Tree drops leaves in late dry season - Bare branches EXPLODE with pink flowers - Entire crown becomes pink mass - Flowers fall like pink rain ("shower") - Lasts 2-4 weeks of peak bloom When to See: - Costa Rica: February-April - Varies slightly by location and rainfall - Synchronized with other Cassia species Where: - Roadsides throughout Guanacaste - Parks and gardens nationwide - Urban plantings - Rural landscapes During peak bloom, Carao is arguably Costa Rica's most visually striking native flowering tree!
Distribution and Habitat
Global Distribution
Geographic Distribution
Distribution in Costa Rica
| Province | Abundance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Guanacaste | Common | Native, optimal habitat |
| Puntarenas | Common | Pacific slope, Nicoya |
| Alajuela | Common | Central Valley margins |
| San José | Common | Planted ornamentally |
| Heredia | Present | Gardens, lower elevations |
| Cartago | Rare | Mostly planted |
| Limón | Rare | Too wet naturally |
Habitat Preferences
- Elevation: Sea level to 1,000 m
- Climate: Dry to semi-deciduous forest zones
- Rainfall: 1,000-2,500 mm/year (seasonal)
- Light: Full sun preferred
- Soil: Adaptable, prefers well-drained
- Temperature: Tropical to subtropical
- Frost: Sensitive to frost
The Traditional Blood Tonic
Carao: The Blood Medicine
Across Latin America, Carao fruit has been used for generations to treat anemia and "strengthen the blood": Traditional Use: - Dark sticky pulp from mature pods - Mixed with milk, honey, or water - Given to anemic patients
- Post-partum strengthening - General tonic for weakness The Belief: - Dark color = rich in blood nutrients - "Doctrine of signatures" thinking - Widely believed to increase hemoglobin - Sold in markets throughout Central America Scientific Investigation: - Some studies show iron content - May have antianemic properties - Mechanism not fully understood - Traditional use persists strongly Commercial Products: - "Jarabe de Carao" sold throughout region - Health food stores carry Carao products - Popular natural remedy Whether or not the science fully supports it, Carao remains one of the most trusted traditional medicines in Central America.
Traditional ≠ Proven While Carao has a long history of use: - Clinical evidence is limited - Should not replace medical treatment - Anemia has many causes needing diagnosis - Consult healthcare providers for blood conditions The cultural importance of Carao medicine is undeniable, but serious anemia requires proper medical care.
Ecological Importance
Wildlife Value
Flower Visitors
- Bees: Major pollinators
- Butterflies: Nectar source
- Hummingbirds: Occasional visitors
- Other insects: Diverse visitors
Seed and Pod Users
- Parrots: Open pods for seeds
- Squirrels: Consume seeds
- Rodents: Various species
- Cattle: Eat fallen pods
Ecosystem Services
| Service | Description | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Pollinator support | Massive flower resource | High during dry season |
| Shade provision | Dense canopy when leafed | Livestock, wildlife |
| Nitrogen fixation | As a legume | Soil improvement |
| Visual indicator | Signals season change | Cultural/phenological |
Uses
Ornamental Value
| Application | Setting | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Street tree | Urban areas | Spectacular flowering |
| Park tree | Public spaces | Large shade, flowers |
| Garden specimen | Private landscapes | Focal point |
| Rural shade | Pastures, farms | Multipurpose |
Medicinal Uses
| Use | Part | Preparation |
|---|---|---|
| Anemia treatment | Fruit pulp | Syrup with honey/milk |
| Blood tonic | Fruit pulp | Traditional extraction |
| General weakness | Fruit | Various preparations |
| Laxative | Bark | Tea/infusion |
Other Uses
| Use | Part | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Timber | Wood | Local construction, moderate quality |
| Firewood | Wood | Common rural use |
| Living fences | Tree | Planted as fence posts |
| Honey | Flowers | Important nectar source |
| Forage | Pods, leaves | Livestock feed |
Cultivation
Growing Carao
Identification Guide
How to Identify Carao
Where to See Carao in Costa Rica
| Location | Context | Best Time |
|---|---|---|
| Guanacaste roadsides | Wild and planted | February-April |
| Liberia area | Common roadside tree | Peak dry season |
| Central Valley parks | Urban ornamental | March |
| Nicoya Peninsula | Natural populations | Late dry season |
| Parque La Sabana | Urban park, San José | March-April |
To experience Carao at its best: When: - Peak bloom: February-April - Best just before first rains - Morning light for photography Where: - Drive through Guanacaste during peak season - Entire hillsides can turn pink - Look for roadside specimens - Urban parks in San José What to Expect: - Spectacular mass flowering - Falling petals like pink snow - Fragrant air near trees - Buzzing with bee activity Time a Guanacaste visit for late dry season and you'll be rewarded with one of Costa Rica's most beautiful natural displays!
External Resources
Community observations and photos
Botanical database
References
📚 Scientific References & Further Reading
Francis, J.K. (1990). Cassia grandis L.f. - Pink Shower. USDA Forest Service
Janzen, D.H. (1991). Historia Natural de Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica
Zamora, N. et al. (2004). Árboles de Costa Rica, Vol. II. Editorial INBio
There is a moment in the Guanacaste dry season when the landscape seems on the edge of exhaustion—the grass brown, the trees bare, the earth cracked and waiting. And then, as if in answer to the land's silent plea, the Carao trees erupt into bloom. Pink cascades spill from their naked branches, transforming hillsides into rose-colored dreams, announcing that the rains—the renewal—will soon come. This is no ordinary flowering; it is a celebration, a promise painted in petals. For centuries, people have gathered beneath these trees, collecting the dark, sticky fruit that falls after the flowers fade. "Para la sangre," they say—for the blood. Whether the Carao truly heals as tradition claims, or whether its power lies in the hope it represents, hardly matters. What matters is the continuity: the same trees that bloomed for ancient peoples still bloom today, their pink flowers still falling like rain before the rain, their fruit still gathered by hands that trust in its dark sweetness. In a world of change, the Carao keeps its annual appointment with beauty and with medicine, a living bridge between earth and sky, between tradition and tomorrow.



